是以作(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植機(ji)械(xie)，常用于(yu)谷物、蔬菜、牧草等小粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)業(ye)。根據播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)不同，播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)主要分為(wei)條播型、穴播型以及撒播機(ji)。
條播型播種機(ji)主要用(yong)于谷物、蔬(shu)菜、牧草(cao)等(deng)小粒(li)種子(zi)的播種作業，如谷物條播機(ji)。作業時(shi)，由(you)行走輪帶(dai)動(dong)排種輪旋轉，種子(zi)自種子(zi)箱內(nei)(nei)的種子(zi)被按要求的播種量(liang)排入輸種管，并(bing)經開溝(gou)器落(luo)入開好的溝(gou)槽內(nei)(nei)，然后(hou)由(you)覆土鎮(zhen)壓裝置將(jiang)種子(zi)覆蓋壓實。出(chu)苗后(hou)作物成平(ping)行等(deng)距(ju)的條行。
穴播(bo)(bo)(bo)型播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)則每個(ge)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)單體可(ke)完成開溝、排種(zhong)(zhong)、覆土、鎮壓等整個(ge)作業過程。撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)機(ji)則使撒出的種(zhong)(zhong)子在播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)地塊上均勻分布，常用(yong)的機(ji)型為離心式(shi)撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)機(ji)，附裝在農(nong)用(yong)運輸車后部(bu)。由種(zhong)(zhong)子箱和撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)輪(lun)構成，種(zhong)(zhong)子由種(zhong)(zhong)子箱落(luo)到撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)輪(lun)上，在離心力作用(yong)下沿切線方(fang)向播(bo)(bo)(bo)出，播(bo)(bo)(bo)幅達8～12米。也可(ke)撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)粉狀或粒狀肥料、石灰及(ji)其(qi)他物料。
此外，近年來還出現了“印(yin)刷播(bo)種(zhong)技術”的(de)播(bo)種(zhong)機，這(zhe)種(zhong)技術可(ke)以實現稻(dao)種(zhong)的(de)勻播(bo)、精(jing)播(bo)，節省種(zhong)子并提高產(chan)量(liang)。這(zhe)種(zhong)播(bo)種(zhong)機使用的(de)是無(wu)毒無(wu)害(hai)的(de)普通(tong)紙張(zhang)和食用膠，經濟環保，遇水可(ke)溶解于(yu)土(tu)壤，不(bu)會造成環境負擔。
條播(bo)和(he)撒播(bo)是兩(liang)種不同(tong)的播(bo)種方(fang)式，它們的主要(yao)區別體現在播(bo)種方(fang)式、播(bo)種效果(guo)、適用(yong)條件以及優缺點等方(fang)面。
播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式：條播是種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子成行(xing)地播入土(tu)(tu)層中，播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)深度較一致，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子在(zai)(zai)行(xing)內的分布(bu)較均勻(yun)。撒播則是將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子盡可能均勻(yun)地撒在(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)表并輕耙覆土(tu)(tu)。
播種(zhong)效果：條播有利(li)于進行(xing)行(xing)間中耕(geng)(geng)除草、施(shi)肥等(deng)管理措施(shi)和機械操(cao)作，出苗整齊，便于后期(qi)管理。撒(sa)播則因種(zhong)子分布不(bu)(bu)(bu)易均勻，覆土深淺不(bu)(bu)(bu)一，后期(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)便中耕(geng)(geng)除草，出苗率及幼苗生長(chang)整齊度相對(dui)較(jiao)低。
適用(yong)條件(jian)(jian)：條播(bo)(bo)(bo)常用(yong)于播(bo)(bo)(bo)種行(xing)距(ju)需要一(yi)定(ding)距(ju)離、便于機械作業的(de)作物(wu)，如(ru)小麥(mai)、玉米等。撒(sa)播(bo)(bo)(bo)則更多適用(yong)于播(bo)(bo)(bo)種行(xing)距(ju)要求不高，或者土地條件(jian)(jian)不允許(xu)精細播(bo)(bo)(bo)種的(de)情況，如(ru)牧(mu)草、某些蔬菜等。
優缺點(dian)(dian)：條播的優點(dian)(dian)在(zai)于(yu)播種(zhong)均勻，出苗整齊，便于(yu)管(guan)理和收獲。缺點(dian)(dian)在(zai)于(yu)需要較(jiao)高(gao)的播種(zhong)技(ji)術和設備(bei)，成本相對較(jiao)高(gao)。撒播的優點(dian)(dian)在(zai)于(yu)操作簡單(dan)，節省人力(li)物力(li)，可(ke)以在(zai)大范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)迅速(su)完成播種(zhong)。缺點(dian)(dian)則在(zai)于(yu)種(zhong)子分布不易均勻，出苗率和生長整齊度較(jiao)低，后(hou)期管(guan)理較(jiao)為困難。
