電(dian)動閘(zha)(zha)門是裝于溢流(liu)壩、岸(an)邊(bian)溢洪道、泄水孔、水工(gong)隧洞和水閘(zha)(zha)等建筑(zhu)物的空口上(shang)，用以調節(jie)流(liu)量，控制上(shang)、下游水位(wei)、宣泄洪水、排除(chu)泥沙或漂浮物等，是水工(gong)建筑(zhu)物的重(zhong)要組成部分(fen)。

　　電動閘(zha)門(men)分(fen)類方法較多，主要有：

　　①按(an)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)性質可分為工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、檢(jian)修(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和事(shi)故(gu)(gu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)也稱主(zhu)要閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)，能(neng)在(zai)(zai)動水(shui)中啟(qi)閉(bi)。檢(jian)修(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)設(she)(she)于(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)。用于(yu)(yu)建筑物(wu)或工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)等檢(jian)修(xiu)時(shi)短期(qi)擋水(shui)，一般在(zai)(zai)靜(jing)水(shui)中啟(qi)閉(bi)。事(shi)故(gu)(gu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)多(duo)設(she)(she)于(yu)(yu)深孔(kong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)，用于(yu)(yu)建筑物(wu)或設(she)(she)備出(chu)現事(shi)故(gu)(gu)時(shi)，能(neng)在(zai)(zai)動水(shui)中關閉(bi)而在(zai)(zai)靜(jing)水(shui)中開啟(qi)；兼作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)檢(jian)修(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)時(shi)，也稱事(shi)故(gu)(gu)檢(jian)修(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)；需要在(zai)(zai)限(xian)定時(shi)間內緊急關閉(bi)的事(shi)故(gu)(gu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)，稱為快(kuai)速閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。

　　②按(an)閘門關閉時門頂與水面(mian)的相(xiang)對位置(zhi)分為(wei)露頂式閘門和(he)潛(qian)孔(kong)式閘門。

　　③按(an)門葉的外觀形(xing)狀分為(wei)平面閘(zha)門、弧形(xing)閘(zha)門、人字閘(zha)門、拱形(xing)閘(zha)門、球(qiu)形(xing)閘(zha)門和圓(yuan)筒閘(zha)門等。

　　④按(an)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)分為(wei)鋼閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、鑄鐵鑲銅閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、木(mu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、鋼筋混(hun)凝土閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)組合材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。另外(wai)，有些閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)如翻板閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)可借助(zhu)水(shui)力自動啟(qi)閉(bi)(bi)，稱(cheng)為(wei)水(shui)力自動閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。選(xuan)擇閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)形(xing)(xing)式需(xu)要(yao)考慮其在(zai)水(shui)工(gong)建筑物中(zhong)的(de)(de)位(wei)置、尺寸、設(she)計(ji)水(shui)頭、運用條件、制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)能力和(he)(he)安裝技術水(shui)平等因素，要(yao)求做到(dao)泄(xie)流時水(shui)流條件好、止水(shui)嚴密、啟(qi)閉(bi)(bi)力小、操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)簡(jian)便靈活、檢修(xiu)維護方便等。平面閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)弧(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是Z常用的(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)型(xing)。在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)中(zhong)，大型(xing)露頂式閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)高水(shui)頭潛孔式閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)多用弧(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，船(chuan)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)上(shang)多用人(ren)字(zi)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)橫拉(la)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，檢修(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)事故閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)一般都(dou)用平面閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)近代(dai)多用鋼材(cai)(cai)(cai)，而鋼筋混(hun)凝土多用做需(xu)要(yao)借自重關(guan)閉(bi)(bi)施(shi)工(gong)導流底孔的(de)(de)封堵閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。此(ci)外(wai)，在(zai)壓(ya)力管道中(zhong)使用的(de)(de)將門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、外(wai)殼和(he)(he)啟(qi)閉(bi)(bi)機械組成一體(ti)的(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)設(she)施(shi)，通稱(cheng)閥門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。