電動閘門是裝于溢流壩(ba)、岸邊溢洪道、泄水孔、水工隧洞和水閘等建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)的空口(kou)上，用以調節(jie)流量，控制(zhi)上、下(xia)游水位、宣泄洪水、排除泥(ni)沙或漂浮物(wu)(wu)等，是水工建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)的重(zhong)要(yao)組成(cheng)部分。

　　電動閘門分類方(fang)法較多，主要有：

　　①按閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的工(gong)作(zuo)性(xing)質可分為(wei)工(gong)作(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和事故閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。工(gong)作(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)也稱(cheng)主要閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，能在(zai)動(dong)水(shui)中(zhong)啟(qi)閉(bi)。檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)設于工(gong)作(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)前。用于建筑(zhu)物或工(gong)作(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)等(deng)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)時(shi)短(duan)期擋水(shui)，一般(ban)在(zai)靜水(shui)中(zhong)啟(qi)閉(bi)。事故閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)多設于深孔工(gong)作(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)前，用于建筑(zhu)物或設備(bei)出(chu)現事故時(shi)，能在(zai)動(dong)水(shui)中(zhong)關閉(bi)而(er)在(zai)靜水(shui)中(zhong)開(kai)啟(qi)；兼作(zuo)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)時(shi)，也稱(cheng)事故檢(jian)(jian)(jian)修(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)；需要在(zai)限定時(shi)間內緊急關閉(bi)的事故閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，稱(cheng)為(wei)快速閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。

　　②按(an)閘門關閉時門頂與水面的相對位置分為露頂式(shi)閘門和潛孔(kong)式(shi)閘門。

　　③按門(men)葉(xie)的(de)外觀形(xing)狀分(fen)為(wei)平(ping)面(mian)閘門(men)、弧形(xing)閘門(men)、人字閘門(men)、拱形(xing)閘門(men)、球形(xing)閘門(men)和圓筒閘門(men)等。

　　④按制(zhi)(zhi)造門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)葉(xie)的(de)材料分為鋼閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、鑄鐵(tie)鑲銅閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、木閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、鋼筋混凝(ning)土閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)組(zu)合材料閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。另外，有(you)些閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)如翻(fan)板閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)可借助水力自動啟閉(bi)，稱(cheng)為水力自動閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。選擇閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)形式(shi)需要(yao)考慮其在(zai)水工(gong)建(jian)筑物中(zhong)的(de)位置、尺寸(cun)、設(she)(she)計水頭(tou)、運用(yong)條件、制(zhi)(zhi)造能力和(he)(he)安裝技(ji)術水平等(deng)因(yin)素，要(yao)求(qiu)做(zuo)(zuo)到泄流(liu)時水流(liu)條件好、止水嚴密(mi)、啟閉(bi)力小、操作(zuo)簡便(bian)靈活、檢修(xiu)維護方便(bian)等(deng)。平面(mian)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)弧形閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是Z常用(yong)的(de)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)型(xing)。在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)中(zhong)，大型(xing)露頂(ding)式(shi)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)高水頭(tou)潛孔(kong)式(shi)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)多(duo)用(yong)弧形閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，船閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)上多(duo)用(yong)人字閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)橫拉(la)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，檢修(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)事故閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)一般都用(yong)平面(mian)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。制(zhi)(zhi)造門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)葉(xie)的(de)材料近(jin)代(dai)多(duo)用(yong)鋼材，而鋼筋混凝(ning)土多(duo)用(yong)做(zuo)(zuo)需要(yao)借自重關(guan)閉(bi)施工(gong)導流(liu)底孔(kong)的(de)封堵閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。此外，在(zai)壓力管道中(zhong)使用(yong)的(de)將門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)葉(xie)、外殼和(he)(he)啟閉(bi)機(ji)械組(zu)成一體的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)施，通稱(cheng)閥門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。