電動閘門是裝于溢流(liu)壩、岸邊溢洪(hong)道(dao)、泄(xie)(xie)水(shui)(shui)孔、水(shui)(shui)工隧洞(dong)和水(shui)(shui)閘等建(jian)筑(zhu)物的空口上，用(yong)以調節流(liu)量，控制上、下(xia)游水(shui)(shui)位、宣泄(xie)(xie)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)、排(pai)除泥沙或漂浮物等，是水(shui)(shui)工建(jian)筑(zhu)物的重(zhong)要組成部分。

　　電動(dong)閘(zha)門分類方(fang)法(fa)較多，主要有：

　　①按(an)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)的工(gong)(gong)作性質可分為(wei)工(gong)(gong)作閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)、檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)和(he)事故(gu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)。工(gong)(gong)作閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)也(ye)稱主要閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)，能在(zai)動水(shui)中啟閉。檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)設(she)(she)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)作閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)前。用于(yu)建筑物或工(gong)(gong)作閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)等檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)時短期擋水(shui)，一般在(zai)靜水(shui)中啟閉。事故(gu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)多設(she)(she)于(yu)深孔工(gong)(gong)作閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)前，用于(yu)建筑物或設(she)(she)備出現事故(gu)時，能在(zai)動水(shui)中關(guan)閉而在(zai)靜水(shui)中開啟；兼(jian)作檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)時，也(ye)稱事故(gu)檢(jian)修(xiu)(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)；需要在(zai)限定時間內緊急關(guan)閉的事故(gu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)，稱為(wei)快速閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)。

　　②按閘(zha)門(men)關閉時門(men)頂(ding)(ding)與水面的相對(dui)位置分為露頂(ding)(ding)式閘(zha)門(men)和潛孔式閘(zha)門(men)。

　　③按門(men)葉的外觀形狀分為平面閘(zha)(zha)門(men)、弧形閘(zha)(zha)門(men)、人(ren)字(zi)閘(zha)(zha)門(men)、拱(gong)形閘(zha)(zha)門(men)、球形閘(zha)(zha)門(men)和圓筒閘(zha)(zha)門(men)等。

　　④按(an)制(zhi)造門(men)(men)(men)(men)葉的材(cai)料(liao)分為(wei)(wei)鋼(gang)(gang)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、鑄鐵鑲銅(tong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、木(mu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)、鋼(gang)(gang)筋混(hun)凝土(tu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)組合材(cai)料(liao)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。另(ling)外，有(you)些閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)如翻板閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)可借助水力自動啟(qi)閉(bi)，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)水力自動閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。選擇閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)形(xing)(xing)式需(xu)要考慮其在水工建筑物(wu)中(zhong)的位置、尺(chi)寸、設(she)計水頭、運用條件、制(zhi)造能力和(he)安裝技術水平(ping)等(deng)因素(su)，要求做(zuo)到泄流(liu)時(shi)水流(liu)條件好、止水嚴密、啟(qi)閉(bi)力小、操作簡便(bian)(bian)靈活、檢修(xiu)維護方便(bian)(bian)等(deng)。平(ping)面(mian)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)是Z常用的門(men)(men)(men)(men)型(xing)。在工作閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)中(zhong)，大型(xing)露(lu)頂式閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)高(gao)水頭潛孔(kong)式閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)多用弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)，船閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)上多用人字(zi)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)橫拉(la)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)，檢修(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)事故閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)一般(ban)都用平(ping)面(mian)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。制(zhi)造門(men)(men)(men)(men)葉的材(cai)料(liao)近代(dai)多用鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)，而鋼(gang)(gang)筋混(hun)凝土(tu)多用做(zuo)需(xu)要借自重關(guan)閉(bi)施(shi)工導流(liu)底(di)孔(kong)的封堵閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。此外，在壓力管(guan)道中(zhong)使用的將(jiang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)葉、外殼和(he)啟(qi)閉(bi)機械組成一體的控制(zhi)設(she)施(shi)，通稱(cheng)閥(fa)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。