電動(dong)閘門是(shi)裝于(yu)溢流壩、岸邊(bian)溢洪道、泄(xie)水(shui)孔、水(shui)工(gong)隧(sui)洞(dong)和水(shui)閘等建筑物的(de)空口(kou)上，用(yong)以調節流量(liang)，控制(zhi)上、下游水(shui)位、宣(xuan)泄(xie)洪水(shui)、排除泥沙或漂浮(fu)物等，是(shi)水(shui)工(gong)建筑物的(de)重(zhong)要組成部分。

　　電動閘門分類方法較(jiao)多，主(zhu)要有：

　　①按閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)性質可分為工(gong)作(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)、檢(jian)修閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)和事(shi)故閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)。工(gong)作(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)也(ye)稱主要閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)，能在(zai)(zai)動水(shui)中(zhong)啟(qi)閉(bi)(bi)。檢(jian)修閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)設(she)于(yu)(yu)工(gong)作(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)前。用(yong)于(yu)(yu)建(jian)筑物或工(gong)作(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)等檢(jian)修時(shi)短期擋(dang)水(shui)，一般在(zai)(zai)靜水(shui)中(zhong)啟(qi)閉(bi)(bi)。事(shi)故閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)多(duo)設(she)于(yu)(yu)深孔工(gong)作(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)前，用(yong)于(yu)(yu)建(jian)筑物或設(she)備出現事(shi)故時(shi)，能在(zai)(zai)動水(shui)中(zhong)關閉(bi)(bi)而在(zai)(zai)靜水(shui)中(zhong)開啟(qi)；兼作(zuo)檢(jian)修閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)時(shi)，也(ye)稱事(shi)故檢(jian)修閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)；需要在(zai)(zai)限定(ding)時(shi)間內緊急關閉(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)事(shi)故閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)，稱為快速閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)。

　　②按閘門關閉時(shi)門頂與水面的(de)相對位置(zhi)分為(wei)露頂式(shi)閘門和潛(qian)孔式(shi)閘門。

　　③按門(men)葉的(de)外觀(guan)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)分(fen)為平面閘門(men)、弧形(xing)(xing)閘門(men)、人(ren)字(zi)閘門(men)、拱形(xing)(xing)閘門(men)、球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)閘門(men)和(he)圓(yuan)筒閘門(men)等。

　　④按制造門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)葉(xie)的(de)材(cai)料分為(wei)鋼(gang)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、鑄(zhu)鐵鑲(xiang)銅(tong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、木閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝土閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)組合材(cai)料閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。另外，有些閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)如翻板閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)可借助水(shui)(shui)力(li)自動啟(qi)閉(bi)(bi)，稱為(wei)水(shui)(shui)力(li)自動閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。選擇(ze)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)需要(yao)考慮(lv)其在水(shui)(shui)工(gong)建(jian)筑物中的(de)位置(zhi)、尺寸、設計水(shui)(shui)頭、運用條件、制造能(neng)力(li)和(he)安(an)裝技術水(shui)(shui)平等因素(su)，要(yao)求(qiu)做到泄流(liu)(liu)時水(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)條件好、止水(shui)(shui)嚴密、啟(qi)閉(bi)(bi)力(li)小、操作(zuo)(zuo)簡便靈活(huo)、檢(jian)修(xiu)維護(hu)方便等。平面(mian)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是Z常用的(de)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)型(xing)。在工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)中，大(da)型(xing)露頂式(shi)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)高水(shui)(shui)頭潛(qian)孔(kong)式(shi)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)多用弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，船閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)上(shang)多用人字閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)橫拉(la)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，檢(jian)修(xiu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和(he)事故(gu)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)一般都用平面(mian)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。制造門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)葉(xie)的(de)材(cai)料近代多用鋼(gang)材(cai)，而鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝土多用做需要(yao)借自重關閉(bi)(bi)施工(gong)導流(liu)(liu)底孔(kong)的(de)封堵(du)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。此外，在壓力(li)管道中使用的(de)將門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)葉(xie)、外殼和(he)啟(qi)閉(bi)(bi)機械組成一體(ti)的(de)控(kong)制設施，通稱閥門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。